Technical Notes:

1.Commonly employed chiral ligand for L ewic acid catalyzed transformations, including

cyclopropanation, carbonyl-ene, Michael, aldol, Henry, Diels-Alder and hetero Diels-Alderreactions.

2.Utilized in Methoxylcarbonylation of terminal alkynes.

3.L igand used in the asymmetric Kumada-cross coupling of secondary alkyI halides

4.L igand used for 5-endo-dig Carbocylization

5.L igand use for reductive acyl cross-coupling