Technical Notes:

1.Ligand for ruthenium- catalyzed selective reduction of nitriles to primary amines .

2. Ligand for nickelcatalyzed 2+2+2 cycloaddition of arynes and an unactivated alkene .

3.Ligand for copper-catalyzed 3+2 cycloaddition of azides and alkynes under mild conditions.

4.L igand for copper-catalyzed direct aryl quaternization of N-substituted imidazoles to form imidazolium salts .

5.L igand for copper-catalyzed silylation of allenes.