Technical Notes:

1.Ring-Opening of epoxides and aziridines.

2.Asymmetric conjugate addition of organozinc reagents to a,ß-unsaturated ketones .

3.Electrophilic addition of olefins .

4.Asymmetric aziridination of olefins .

5.Asymmetric cycloadditions and aldol condensations.

6.Asymmetric Kharasch oxidation.

7.Asymmetric Michael addition of enamides.

8.Asymmetric O-H or O-R insertion re actions.

9.Enantioselective intramolecular aminooxygenation of alkenes.

10Enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc reagents to N-acylpyridinium salts.

11.Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalizations of oximes with arylboronic acids .

12.Used as a L ewis acid in the Nazarov cyclization.

13.Catalyst in the diacetoxylation olefins

14.Catalyst in the meta-selective direct arylation of a-aryl carbonyl compounds

15.Catalyst in the three-component coupling of amines, aldehydes, and alkynes