Technical Notes:

1.See 15-01 50

2.UsefuI ligand for palladium-catalyzed carbon-oxygen bond formation.

3.Ligand for palladium-catalyzed a-arylation of ketones .

4.Ligand for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate reduction.

5.Ligand for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric dienolate addition to aldehydes.

6.Enantioselective conjugate reduction of lactones and lacta ms.

7. Ligand used in the enantioselective cycloaddition of allenyIsilanes with a-lmino esters.

8. Catalytic AldoI reaction to ketones.

9. L igand with rhodium catalyses 2+2+2 cycloaddition reaction of alkenes and alkynes .

10.Ligand used in the copper catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of alkyl Grignard reagents on a,ß-unsaturated esters.

11. Ligand used in the copper-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes via tandem conjugate

addition and intramolecular enolate trapping.